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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso utilizes precise pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the coffee we love. What exactly does it work?

Espresso is made by forcing hot water at high pressure through finely-ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee, however the main difference lies in the pressure.

The Head of the Group

As the name implies, the group head is the place you put your portafilter in when brewing espresso. It distributes water into the portafilter, and regulates the pressure of the extraction. There are a variety of group heads, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. Some focus on temperature stability, whereas others on pre-infusion capabilities, and still others are designed to control the lever. Some include a combination such as the E61. This is a popular choice among baristas since it provides multiple advantages in a single package.

As you can see in the image above the group head is made up of several notches to place your portafilter and twist it manually to lock it in. A gasket made of rubber is positioned within the notches to make a seal when you insert your portafilter. The notches allow for precise placement of your portafilter. This is crucial to ensure an accurate extraction.

The group head does not just allow you to put in your portafilter easily however, it also keeps a constant temperature. This is achieved by cycling hot water around the portafilter, and through the brew basin, ensuring that the temperature is constant to extract the coffee. This is important because even a few degrees can make the difference between good and excellent espresso.

The Pump

Unlike manual piston machines, that use a lever to pressurize water, Rotary espresso Machine With frother machines rely on motorized pumps to supply the nine atmospheric bars of pressure that are required for espresso extraction. The pressure builds up by drawing tap water from a reservoir, and pumping it through a heat exchanger before it is shot through the ground coffee in the group head.

Pumps tend to be less expensive than piston-driven machines, and they tend to last longer. However, both types of machines can get damaged through overuse and lack of cleaning. They also increase the complexity of mechanical systems, which can result in the cost of even the simplest models.

Some espresso machines employ steam pressure instead of a pump to brew espresso. This can result in over-extraction because the boiler that produces steam also heats the water to boil. In addition these machines are often required to rebuild their pressure between cups, which requires time and energy.

A large majority of espresso machines employ a rotary or vibration pump. A vibration model employs an oscillating disk to create pressure, whereas the Rotary model pushes hot coffee through the ground at a fast speed. Both types of machine are capable of producing excellent espresso, however the rotary pumps are quieter, and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is what makes the water warm to the perfect temperature for extraction. The steam that is produced reaches the portafilter, which contains the ground espresso coffee and is then funneled down into the cup. During this process the steam creates enough pressure to push the grounds of coffee through. This results in a layer of crema on top. This is one of the hallmarks of a good espresso.

There are three different types of espresso machines, each having distinct pumps and brew temperature. There are different ways to control the brew as well as the size of the cup that can be made by the machine.

The first espresso machines were steam-based. They utilized one boiler bean to cup espresso machines make both steam and brew however the pressure they were able to produce was not very high - two bars of atmospheric pressure at most. The coffee tasted bitter and burnt. This is why the Milanese producers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni developed the modern espresso machine.

The most commonly used espresso maker is a semiautomatic machine with an electric pump. These are the things people think of when they think of an espresso maker. With a semi-automatic espresso machine, you need to grind the beans and tamp them by hand, but the pump controls the flow of water and pressure. This is an excellent compromise between human touch and the mechanised consistency.

The Filter

Espresso machines typically use a filter that separates the grounds of coffee from hot water. The filter is also an essential part of the temperature control system as it keeps the machine from overheating.

A filter also improves flavor since it allows for the beans to flower for a longer period of time. This helps the beans to release their flavors and provides an opportunity for a better extraction.

However it is crucial to keep in mind that even a great filter can result in a poor cup of coffee as the quality of the beans and extraction are essential.

This is where the magic happens, it's the thing that makes an espresso really taste good. The grouphead, also referred to as the brew head, is the place where the portafilter (the thing you put the ground coffee in) is located when you're making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso machine coffee machines use hot water heated in an airtight container to create steam. The steam then moves hot water through the grounds of coffee at high pressure. These types of machines are typically less expensive and easier to maintain than pump-driven models. However, they are limited in their ability to produce the perfect brewing conditions since they are only operating at 1-1.5 bars of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed air pump-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. They utilize an air compressor to force hot water into the ground. They are also more mobile than electric steam-driven italian espresso machine machines.